{"id":509,"date":"2013-01-04T17:12:10","date_gmt":"2013-01-04T06:12:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/68.169.49.229\/DifferentlyAbledPeople\/?page_id=509"},"modified":"2020-06-27T13:00:03","modified_gmt":"2020-06-27T07:30:03","slug":"mentally-retarded-info","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/manavata.org\/able\/mentally-retarded-info\/","title":{"rendered":"Services"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong>Visually Challenged:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">&#8216;Light&#8217; is the most essential thing next to &#8216;air&#8217;, &#8216; water&#8217;, &#8216;food&#8217; and &#8216;shelter&#8217;. &#8216;Eyesight&#8217; is the power to experience the power to experience it, which is a &#8216;blessing&#8217; and not an &#8216;achievement&#8217;. Eyesight is <a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #333;\" href=\"https:\/\/chiefessays.net\/article-critique\/\">paper critique example<\/a> &#8220;granted&#8221; and not &#8220;acquired&#8221;. How is a person born blind responsible for being so? It could have happened to you or your dearest. Even a <a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #333;\" href=\"https:\/\/sigmaessay.com\/how-to-write-persuasive-speech-outline\/\">how to organize a persuasive speech<\/a> sighted could turn blind out of an accident or an illness. If you realize this truth, reaching out to the Visually Challenged is not an act of &#8216;charity&#8217;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">It is our moral obligation It is our social responsibility It is our duty Dont turn a BLIND EYE to this reality<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large;\">Deaf and Dumb:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> &#8220;Deaf and dumb&#8221; (or even just &#8220;dumb&#8221;, when applied to deaf people who do not speak) is an archaic term that is considered offensive.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Many Deaf people do not use a spoken language, thus they are technically &#8220;mute&#8221;. The word &#8220;dumb&#8221; has at least an archaic meaning that means &#8220;mute&#8221;. Of course, the word &#8220;dumb&#8221; also has another more common meaning now that implies stupidity, which is certainly not applicable to most Deaf people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Given the long history of deafness, and the fact that Deaf people have been incorrectly assumed to be mentally deficient just because they do not speak, you can imagine that most Deaf people do not appreciate being called &#8220;Deaf and Dumb&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large; color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong>Physically Handicapped:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">For students with physical handicaps, self-image is extremely important. Teachers need to ensure that the child&#8217;s self image is positive. Physically handicapped students are aware of the fact that they are physically different that most others and that there are certain things they cannot do. Peers can be cruel to other children with physical handicaps and become involved in casting insulting remarks and excluding physically handicapped children <a style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #333;\" href=\"https:\/\/sigmaessays.com\/buy-essay\/\">buyessayonline<\/a> from games and group type activities. Physically handicapped children want to succeed and participate as much as they can and this needs to be encouraged and fostered by the teacher. The focus needs to be on what the child CAN do &#8211; not can&#8217;t do.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><b>Strategies that help:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">1. Physically handicapped children long to be normal and be seen as normal as much as possible. Focus on what they can do at all times.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">2. Find out what the child&#8217;s strengths are and capitalize on them. These children need to feel as successful too!<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">3. Keep your expectations of the physically handicapped child high. This child is capable of achieving.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">4. Never accept rude remarks, name calling or teasing from other children. Sometimes other children need to be taught about physical disabilities to develop respect and acceptance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">5.Never pity the physically handicapped child, they do not want your pity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">6. Take the opportunity when the child is absent to teach the rest of the class about physical handicaps, this will help foster understanding and acceptance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">7. Take frequent 1 to 1 time with the child to make sure that he\/she is aware that you&#8217;re there to help when needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large; color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong>Mentally Retarded:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">It is defined as an intellectual functioning level (as measured by standard tests for intelligence quotient) well below average and significant limitations in daily living skills (adaptive functioning).<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">According Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the 1990s, mental retardation occurs in 2.5 to 3 percent of the general population. Mental retardation begins in childhood or adolescence before the age of 18.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">It persists throughout adulthood. Intellectual functioning level is defined by standardized tests (Weschsler-Intelligence Scales) that measure the ability to reason in terms of mental age (intelligence quotient or IQ ). Diagnosis of mental retardation is made if an individual has an intellectual functioning level well below average and significant limitations in two or more adaptive skill areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Mental retardation is defined as IQ score below 70 to 75.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Adaptive skills are the skills needed for daily life. Such skills include the ability to produce and understand language (communication); home-living skills; use of community resources; health, safety, leisure, self-care, and social skills; self-direction; functional academic skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic); and work skills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">In general, mentally retarded children reach developmental milestones such as walking and talking much later than the general population.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Symptoms of mental retardation may appear at birth or later in childhood. Time of onset depends on the suspected cause of the disability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Some cases of mild mental retardation are not diagnosed before the child enters pre-school.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">These children typically have difficulties with social, communication, and functional academic skills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Children who have a neurological disorder or illness such as encephalitis or meningitis may suddenly show signs of cognitive impairment and adaptive difficulties.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large; color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong>Categories of mental retardation<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong>Prenatal causes (causes before birth)<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chromosomal Disorders<\/span>:<\/strong> Downs syndrome, fragile X syndrome, prader wili syndrome, klinfelters syndrome<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Single Gene Disorders:<\/strong><\/span> Inborn errors of metabolism like galactosemia, phenyl ketonuria, hypothyroidism, muco polysaccaridoses, tay sachs disease<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Neuro Cutaneous Syndromes:<\/strong> <\/span>Tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Dysmorphic Syndromes:<\/strong><\/span> Laurence Moon Biedl syndrome<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong>Brain Malformations:<\/strong> Microcephaly, hydrocephalus, myelo meningocele<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>Abnormal maternal environmental influences<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Deficiencies:<\/strong><\/span> Iodine deficiency and folic acid deficiency, severe malnutrition<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Substance use:<\/strong><\/span> Alcohol, nicotine, cocaine<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Exposure to harmful chemicals<\/span>:<\/strong> Pollutants, heavy metals, harmful drugs like thalidomide, phenytoin, warfarin sodium etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Maternal infections:<\/strong><\/span> Rubella, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus infection, syphilis, HIV<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Exposure to<\/span>:<\/strong> Radiation and Rh incompatibility<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Complications of Pregnancy<\/span>:<\/strong> Pregnancy induced hypertension, ante partum hemorrhage, placental dysfunction<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Maternal Disease:<\/strong><\/span> Diabetes, heart and kidney disease<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong>During delivery<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Difficult and \/or complicated delivery, severe prematurity, very low birth weight , birth asphyxia, birth trauma<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Neonatal period:<\/strong><\/span> Septicemia, jaundice, hypoglycemia, neonatal convulsions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Infancy and childhood:<\/strong><\/span> Brain infections like tuberculosis, Japanese encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, Head trauma, chronic lead exposure, severe and prolonged malnutrition, gross under stimulation<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<dl id=\"history\">\n<dt><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong>Symptoms of Mental Retardation<\/strong>:<\/span><\/dt>\n<dt>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Failure to meet intellectual developmental markers<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Failure to meet developmental milestones such as sitting, crawling, walking, or talking, in a timely manner<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Persistence of childlike behavior, possibly demonstrated in speaking style, or by a failure to understand social rules or consequences of behaviors<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Lack of curiosity and difficulty solving problems<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Decreased learning ability and ability to think logically<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Trouble remembering things<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;\">An inability to meet educational demands required by school<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dt>\n<dt><\/dt>\n<dt><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong>Treatments<\/strong>:<\/span><\/dt>\n<dt>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Treatment for Mental Retardation is not designed to &#8220;cure&#8221; the disorder. Rather, therapy goals include reducing safety risks (e.g., helping an individual maintain safety at home or school) and teaching appropriate and relevant life skills. Interventions should be based on the specific needs of individuals and their families, with the primary goal of developing the person&#8217;s potential to the fullest.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Medications are required to treat co morbidities like aggression, mood disorders, self injurious behaviors, other behavioral problems, and convulsions which occur in 40%to 70% of cases<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Visually Challenged: &#8216;Light&#8217; is the most essential thing next to &#8216;air&#8217;, &#8216; water&#8217;, &#8216;food&#8217; and &#8216;shelter&#8217;. &#8216;Eyesight&#8217; is the power to experience the power to experience it, which is a &#8216;blessing&#8217; and not an &#8216;achievement&#8217;. Eyesight is paper critique example &#8220;granted&#8221; and not &#8220;acquired&#8221;. How is a person born blind responsible for being so? It [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/manavata.org\/able\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/509"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/manavata.org\/able\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/manavata.org\/able\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manavata.org\/able\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manavata.org\/able\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=509"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/manavata.org\/able\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":953,"href":"https:\/\/manavata.org\/able\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/509\/revisions\/953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/manavata.org\/able\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}